Male infertility refers to the inability of a male to achieve a pregnancy in a fertile female. Male infertility accounts for 30-40% of infertility. Male infertility is usually related to abnormal sperm production or function. Problems can occur anywhere in the production of sperm including hormonal regulation, storage, and transport of sperm. Genetic abnormalities can also contribute to decreased sperm or abnormal function.

The semen analysis is the first step in evaluating male infertility. This test provides important information about the quality and quantity of the sperm. The semen sample is analyzed for volume, viscosity (thickness), sperm concentration, motility, Krueger's morphology, and forward progression of the sperm. The sample is also examined for the presence of white cells and bacteria which may indicate infection. From this simple test, we can tell how many sperm are present, how many appear normal and how many are moving.

                                 Normal parameters for a semen analysis